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Tracking replication enzymology in vivo by genome-wide mapping of ribonucleotide incorporation HydEn-seq, a new sequencing method that maps the distribution of ribonucleotides misincorporated by low-fidelity DNA polymerases in budding yeast, reveals unexpected strand-specific replication patterns in both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. K63 polyubiquitination is a new modulator of the oxidative stress response Oxidative stress induces a number of cellular responses. Silva et al. uncover a peroxide-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination pathway, and identify its targets and regulators. The RNA helicase Aquarius exhibits structural adaptations mediating its recruitment to spliceosomes Aquarius is an RNA helicase associated with spliceosomes. Lührmann, Pena and colleagues now provide structural insights into how Aquarius is recruited to the spliceosome, revealing a new spliceosomal building block that aids in Aquarius positioning. Ring closure activates yeastγTuRC for species-specific microtubule nucleation Theγ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) nucleates microtubules in the cell. The functional, closed state of yeast γTuRC is now visualized, and its microtubule-nucleating activity is found to be species specific. Toll-like receptor 8 senses degradation products of single-stranded RNA Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have key roles in innate immunity. Here, Shimizu and colleagues report crystal structures of TLR8 in complex with single-stranded RNA that reveal the molecular basis for recognition of a natural ligand. Tetrameric Ctp1 coordinates DNA binding and DNA bridging in DNA double-strand-break repair Structural, biophysical and genetic analyses reveal that Schizosaccharomyces pombe Ctp1 forms a flexible tetramer with multivalent DNA-binding and bridging activities that contribute to Ctp1's role in repair of DNA double-strand breaks. The energy landscape of adenylate kinase during catalysis Structural, computation and kinetics approaches reveal the energy landscape of catalysis by adenylate kinase and show that the cofactor Mg2+ activates two distinct molecular events in the reaction cycle: phosphoryl transfer and lid opening. Control of repeat-protein curvature by computational protein design Leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) can form horseshoe-like structures with different curvatures in nature. A computational approach now allows the design of 12 new LRR proteins with precise curvatures, using defined building blocks and junction modules. CtIP tetramer assembly is required for DNA-end resection and repair CtIP helps maintain genomic stability by promoting DNA double-strand-break repair. Structural and biophysical analyses now show that the N terminus of human CtIP forms a tetrameric structure that is required for resection of broken DNA ends to permit their repair by homologous recombination. Charge-driven dynamics of nascent-chain movement through the SecYEG translocon Proteins with charged amino acid residues encounter an electric force as they transit through membranes holding membrane potential. Von Heijne and colleagues measure this force to assess how membrane electrostatics contributes to translocation dynamics.

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