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A molecular chaperone breaks the catalytic cycle that generates toxic Aβ oligomers Aβ peptide aggregation is associated with Alzheimer's disease, and Aβ fibrils can catalyze formation of toxic oligomers. Molecular chaperone Brichos binds to the fibril surface, inhibiting the catalytic cycle in vitro, and limits Aβ toxicity. Crystal structure of a phosphorylation-coupled vitamin C transporter Crystal structures of the bacterial vitamin C transporter UlaA, a member of the AG family of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system, provide insights on binding to ascorbate and its transport across the cell membrane. Structures of CYLD USP with Met1- or Lys63-linked diubiquitin reveal mechanisms for dual specificity Tumor-suppressor protein CYLD cleaves linear and Lys63-linked ubiquitin chains. Structures of CYLD USP domain with Met1- and Lys63-linked diubiquitins and biochemical analyses reveal the mechanism for dual specificity and provide insight into tumor-associated mutations. A global profile of replicative polymerase usage Genome-wide DNA polymerase usage maps determined in fission yeast, using a new sequencing strategy based on ribonucleotide misincorporation, track the division of labor between replicative polymerases and reveal locations and efficiencies of replication origins. Yersinia effector YopO uses actin as bait to phosphorylate proteins that regulate actin polymerization The crystal structure of Yersinia enterocolitica kinase YopO in complex with monomeric actin, together with biochemical analyses, reveals that YopO uses actin as bait to disrupt host cytoskeleton function and prevent phagocytosis. Exon-intron circular RNAs regulate transcription in the nucleus The identification of a new subclass of circular RNAs that are predominantly nuclear and promote transcription of their parental genes reveals a new regulatory function for these noncoding RNAs. Sequence composition of disordered regions fine-tunes protein half-life The proteasome initiates protein degradation at disordered regions within substrates. The proteasomal sequence preferences for the amino acid composition of these regions identified here affect protein half-life and explain unusual stability trends. Mechanism of microhomology-mediated end-joining promoted by human DNA polymeraseθ Human DNA Polθ can mediate microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ) of DNA molecules in cells and in vitro. Biochemistry work shows that Polθ promotes formation of DNA synapses and strand annealing, activities that require insertion loop 2. Structural basis for amyloidogenic peptide recognition by sorLA The neuronal sorting receptor SorLA protects against Alzheimer's disease by binding Aβ peptides. Three new structures of the Vps10p Aβ-binding domain in ligand-free and ligand-bound forms explain the basis of SorLA peptide recognition. DNA interstrand cross-link repair requires replication-fork convergence New biochemical analyses in Xenopus cell-free extracts show that two replication forks must converge on a DNA interstrand cross-link (ICL) to permit translesion synthesis and repair. Tracking replication enzymology in vivo by genome-wide mapping of ribonucleotide incorporation HydEn-seq, a new sequencing method that maps the distribution of ribonucleotides misincorporated by low-fidelity DNA polymerases in budding yeast, reveals unexpected strand-specific replication patterns in both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Structural basis for bifunctional peptide recognition at humanδ-opioid receptor Serial femtosecond crystallography of the humanδ-opioid receptor in complex with an endomorphin-derived peptide reveals interactions that are important for understanding the pharmacology of opioid peptides and developing analgesics with reduced side effects. Structure of a Yeast 40S–eIF1–eIF1A–eIF3–eIF3j initiation complex A high-resolution cryo-EM structure of yeast eIF3-bound 40S ribosomal subunits reveals the network of interactions between eIF3 subunits.

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